tweak language in chebyshev.1 and stereo.2
This commit is contained in:
parent
da49cb9bd2
commit
8dcdf3672c
@ -259,18 +259,18 @@ $$
|
||||
= (z^2 - z - 1) (z^2 + z - 1)
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
According to how we derived this series, when $z = 2\cos(\theta)$, the roots of this polynomial
|
||||
According to how we derived this polynomial, when $z = 2\cos(\theta)$, the roots
|
||||
correspond to when $\sin(5\theta) / \sin(\theta) = 0$.
|
||||
This relation itself is true when $\theta = \pi / 5$, since $\sin(5 \pi / 5) = 0$.
|
||||
|
||||
One of the factors must therefore be the minimal polynomial of $2\cos(\pi / 5 )$.
|
||||
The former happens to be correct correct, since $2\cos( \pi / 5 ) = \varphi$, the golden ratio.
|
||||
The former happens to be the correct choice, since $2\cos( \pi / 5 ) = \varphi$, the golden ratio.
|
||||
Note that the second factor is the first evaluated at -*z*.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Heptagons
|
||||
|
||||
An example of where constructability fails is for $2\cos( \pi / 7 )$.
|
||||
An example where constructability fails is for $2\cos( \pi / 7 )$.
|
||||
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\begin{align*}
|
||||
@ -289,7 +289,8 @@ But there are no (nondegenerate) cubics that one can produce via compass and str
|
||||
|
||||
#### Decagons
|
||||
|
||||
One might think the same of $2\cos(\pi /10 )$
|
||||
One might think the same of $2\cos(\pi /10 )$.
|
||||
The relevant polynomial is:
|
||||
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\begin{align*}
|
||||
@ -300,16 +301,17 @@ $$
|
||||
\end{align*}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
This expression also contains the polynomials for $2\cos( \pi / 5 )$.
|
||||
This is because a regular decagon would contain two disjoint regular pentagons,
|
||||
produced by connecting every other vertex.
|
||||
This expression also contains the polynomials for $2\cos( \pi / 5 )$,
|
||||
since connecting every other vertex of a regular decagon produces
|
||||
two disjoint regular pentagons.
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
The polynomial which actually corresponds to $2\cos( \pi / 10 )$ is the quartic,
|
||||
which seems to suggest that it will require a fourth root and somehow decagons are not constructible.
|
||||
which seems to suggest that it will require a fourth root and imply that decagons
|
||||
are somehow not constructible.
|
||||
However, it can be solved by completing the square...
|
||||
|
||||
$$
|
||||
@ -496,12 +498,12 @@ $$
|
||||
If $z = 1$, these two generating functions are equal.
|
||||
The same can be said for $z = 2$ with the generating function of the Pell numbers,
|
||||
and so on for higher recurrences (corresponding to metallic means) for higher integral *z*.
|
||||
In fact, it is possible to find the Fibonacci numbers (Pell numbers, etc.)
|
||||
in Pascal's triangle, which you can read more about
|
||||
[here](http://users.dimi.uniud.it/~giacomo.dellariccia/Glossary/Pascal/Koshy2011.pdf).
|
||||
|
||||
In terms of the Chebyshev polynomials, this series manipulation removes the alternation in
|
||||
the coefficients of $U_n$, restoring Pascal's triangle to its nonalternating form.
|
||||
Related to the previous point, it is possible to find the Fibonacci numbers (Pell numbers, etc.)
|
||||
in Pascal's triangle, which you can read more about
|
||||
[here](http://users.dimi.uniud.it/~giacomo.dellariccia/Glossary/Pascal/Koshy2011.pdf).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Manipulating the Series
|
||||
@ -674,6 +676,7 @@ Though they were present in the earlier Chebyshev table,
|
||||
|
||||
```{python}
|
||||
#| echo: false
|
||||
#| label: tbl-cosinepolynomials
|
||||
#| classes: plain
|
||||
|
||||
def poly_to_rising_power_list(poly, var):
|
||||
|
||||
@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ For comparison, the complex exponential (as it is a parallel construction) has a
|
||||
Since the exponential function is its own derivative, the expression acquires
|
||||
an imaginary coefficient through the chain rule.
|
||||
|
||||
[^1]: This is forgoing the fact that complex derivatives require more care than their real counterparts.
|
||||
[^1]: This is forgoing the extra care that complex derivatives require beyond their real counterparts.
|
||||
It matters slightly less in this case since this function is complex-valued, but has a real parameter.
|
||||
|
||||
$$
|
||||
@ -249,12 +249,12 @@ $$
|
||||
= 2\pi i
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
In this example, Γ is a counterclockwise curve parametrized by γ which loops once around
|
||||
In this example, *Γ* is a counterclockwise curve parametrized by *γ* which loops once around
|
||||
the pole at *z* = 0.
|
||||
More loops will scale this by a factor according to the number of loops.
|
||||
|
||||
Normally this equality is demonstrated with the complex exponential, but will $o_1$ work just as well?
|
||||
If Γ is the unit circle, the integral is:
|
||||
If *Γ* is the unit circle, the integral is:
|
||||
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\oint_\Gamma {1 \over z} dz
|
||||
@ -281,9 +281,9 @@ $$
|
||||
\end{gather*}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
It is certainly possible to perform these contour integrals along straight lines;
|
||||
in fact, integrating along lines from 1 to *i* to -1 to -*i* deals with a
|
||||
similar integral involving arctangent.
|
||||
It is certainly possible to perform these contour integrals along straight lines
|
||||
in the complex plane; in fact, making *Γ* a diamond-shaped contour from
|
||||
1 to *i* to -1 to -*i* produces a similar integral involving arctangent.
|
||||
However, the best one can do to construct more loops with lines is to count each line
|
||||
multiple times, which isn't extraordinarily convincing.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ $$
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
This has an additional benefit: using the series form of $1 / (1 + t^2)$ and integrating,
|
||||
one obtains the series form of the arctangent.
|
||||
one obtains [the series form of arctangent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctangent_series).
|
||||
This series converges for $-1 \le t \le 1$, which happens to match the bounds of integration.
|
||||
The convergence of this series is fairly important, since it is tied to formulas for π,
|
||||
in particular [Leibniz's formula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz_formula_for_%CF%80).
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
x
Reference in New Issue
Block a user